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1. Casein protein can cause minor side effects in people with a dairy allergy. Due to casein being free of lactose, a lot more people are able to consume it than they are other dairy protein sources. But you can still be allergic to it if you have a dairy allergy. The side effects of this can be nausea, bloating, headaches, and similar minor complaints, but nothing too serious.
2. Casein protein has been found with low levels of contamination. One issue that has surfaced recently is contamination, a recent study by the clean label project found that many protein powders had levels of lead, cadmium, and BPA within them.
Now there should be some context given here, while the levels were higher than expected, they were still well within safe levels. Secondly, milk and egg-based proteins (including casein) were found to be much safer than vegan and plant-based protein powders.
3. Casein protein may lead to a higher risk of mortality in a higher protein diet. There is a lot of debate at the moment on whether high protein diets are safe or not. The worry about kidney problems occurring has finally been laid to rest (protein will not affect healthy kidneys at all) but some studies indicate that lower protein diets lead to a lower risk of mortality in under 65s.
That same study also found that people who were over 65 actually benefited from higher protein, possibly due to the increased requirement of Leucine in the elderly. *